Data Flow¶
Here, we show examples of how data could flow using the open standard. This tells the story of how wine bottles are created with a packaging manufacturer, how that packaging manufacturer sends their packaging to a packer/filler and then how that packer/filler will put packaging together, filled with a product and then send them to a retailer. The eight flow diagrams below compliment each other to build a complete picture.
Shared responsiblity
When viewing the flows below be aware that no single individual and/or organisation is responsible for the entire data capture. It is the intent of Open 3P that experts in their part of the value chain are repsonsible for it’s adherence to the data.
The flow¶
Open 3P has been designed to allow information to flow from base materials all the way through to a load. Below you can see how these are connected.
flowchart LR
subgraph baseMaterials[Base Materials]
bm_example[base material]
end
subgraph materials[Materials]
ma_example[material]
end
subgraph components[Components]
co_example[component]
end
subgraph completePackages[Complete Packages]
cp_example[complete package]
end
subgraph loads[Loads]
lo_example[load]
end
bm_example --> ma_example
ma_example --> co_example
co_example --> cp_example
cp_example --> lo_exampleIntroducing basic items¶
At its most basic Open 3P allows the minimal amount of infomation to be passed along. In this example cardboard is used as the base material and then again as the material. At the component step the cardboard box is combined with tape to create a complete package ready to be filled by a product before being sent out on a load.
flowchart LR
subgraph baseMaterials[Base Materials]
bm_cardboard[cardboard]
end
subgraph materials[Materials]
ma_cardboard[cardboard]
end
subgraph components[Components]
co_cardboard[cardboard box]
co_example[tape]
end
subgraph completePackages[Complete Packages]
cp_example[complete package]
end
bm_cardboard --> ma_cardboard
ma_cardboard --> co_cardboard
co_cardboard --> cp_example
co_example --> cp_exampleCombining items to make complex items¶
Although some items used within the packaging value chains are simple, others are complex. Open 3P allows the combination of items at each schema level. In the example below a packaging tape is created by the combination of cellulose and adhesive. This is the used in conjunction with the cardboard box to create the complete packaging. The intent of Open 3P is for the packaging tape manufacturer to provide this information and share this along the value chain.
flowchart LR
subgraph baseMaterials[Base Materials]
bm_cellulose[cellulose]
bm_adhesive[adhesive]
bm_cardboard[cardboard]
end
subgraph materials[Materials]
ma_tape[tape]
ma_cardboard[cardboard]
end
subgraph components[Components]
co_cardboard[cardboard box]
co_tape[tape]
end
subgraph completePackages[Complete Packages]
cp_cardboard[delivery box]
end
bm_cellulose --> ma_tape
bm_adhesive --> ma_tape
bm_cardboard --> ma_cardboard
ma_tape --> co_tape
ma_cardboard --> co_cardboard
co_cardboard --> cp_cardboard
co_tape --> cp_cardboardUsing items multiple times¶
Within the packaging value chain items are combined in different arrangements to create similar or completely distinct items. This can been seen below where the same sand and soda ash from a manufacuturer are used to make the two different types of glass; soda-lime glass and borosilicate glass. This information can be passed through the value chain, providing additional insights for stakeholders, clients and customers.
flowchart LR
subgraph baseMaterials[Base Materials]
bm_sand[sand]
bm_sodaAsh[soda ash]
bm_limestone[limestone]
bm_cullet[cullet]
bm_boricOxide[boric oxide]
end
subgraph materials[Materials]
ma_glass1["glass
food and drink"]
ma_glass2["glass
pharmaceutical"]
end
subgraph components[Components]
co_glassBottle1[glass bottle]
co_glassBottle2[glass bottle]
end
bm_limestone --> ma_glass1
bm_cullet --> ma_glass1
bm_sand --> ma_glass1
bm_sand --> ma_glass2
bm_sodaAsh --> ma_glass1
bm_sodaAsh --> ma_glass2
bm_boricOxide --> ma_glass2
ma_glass1 --> co_glassBottle1
ma_glass2 --> co_glassBottle2Creating a load¶
Taken as a whole the cardboard, tape and glass are combined at various points to create a wine delivery. With the addition of cork and aluminium all the materials and components can be seen.
flowchart LR
subgraph baseMaterials[Base Materials]
bm_cardboard[cardboard]
bm_sand[sand]
bm_sodaAsh[soda ash]
bm_limestone[limestone]
bm_cullet[cullet]
bm_aluminium[aluminium]
bm_cork[cork]
bm_cellulose[cellulose]
bm_adhesive[adhesive]
end
subgraph materials[Materials]
ma_cardboard[cardboard]
ma_glass[glass]
ma_cork[cork]
ma_aluminium[aluminium]
ma_tape[tape]
end
subgraph components[Components]
co_glassBottle[bottle]
co_corkCork[cork]
co_aluminiumCapsule[capsule]
co_cardboard[box]
co_tape[tape]
end
subgraph completePackages[Complete Packages]
cp_wineBottle[wine bottle]
cp_cardboardBox[wine box]
end
subgraph loads[Loads]
lo_wineDelivery[wine delivery]
end
bm_cardboard --> ma_cardboard
bm_cullet --> ma_glass
bm_sand --> ma_glass
bm_limestone --> ma_glass
bm_sodaAsh --> ma_glass
bm_cork --> ma_cork
bm_aluminium --> ma_aluminium
bm_cellulose --> ma_tape
bm_adhesive --> ma_tape
ma_cardboard --> co_cardboard
ma_glass --> co_glassBottle
ma_aluminium --> co_aluminiumCapsule
ma_cork --> co_corkCork
ma_tape --> co_tape
co_glassBottle --> cp_wineBottle
co_corkCork --> cp_wineBottle
co_aluminiumCapsule --> cp_wineBottle
co_cardboard --> cp_cardboardBox
co_tape --> cp_cardboardBox
cp_cardboardBox --> lo_wineDelivery
cp_wineBottle --> lo_wineDeliveryCork material and cork components
In the above example the cork base material, is converted into the cork material and then a cork component.
This might seem confusing, but cork is both a material from the Quercus suber (aka cork oak), and component called a cork (aka a stopper or bung).
This confusion is intentional to show that in this example the cork is made of cork. Whereas corks can also be made from plastic.
Combining same type items¶
The Open 3P standards allows further complexity when combining items of the same type. This is seen below where the two materials ‘label’ and ‘solvent free print substrate’ are futher combined to create a ‘printed label’.
flowchart LR
subgraph baseMaterials[Base Materials]
bm_paper[paper]
bm_adhesive[adhesive]
bm_glassine[glassine]
bm_ink[solvent free ink]
bm_varnish[solvent free varnish]
end
subgraph materials[Materials]
ma_label[label]
ma_coating[solvent free print substrate]
ma_label2[printed label]
end
subgraph components[Components]
co_topLabel[branded front label]
co_bottomLabel[branded back label]
end
bm_paper --> ma_label
bm_adhesive --> ma_label
bm_glassine --> ma_label
bm_ink --> ma_coating
bm_varnish --> ma_coating
ma_label --> ma_label2
ma_coating --> ma_label2
ma_label2 --> co_topLabel
ma_label2 --> co_bottomLabelLaminates¶
Additionally base materials and materials can be layered in an ordered arrangement; known as lamination. In the example three base materials are layered together to create a laminate. Two of the materials are used twice within the material, with the third only being used the once.
flowchart LR
subgraph baseMaterials[Base Materials]
bm_ep[ethylene-propylene]
bm_eva[ethylene-vinyl acetate]
bm_copolyester[copolyester]
end
subgraph materials[Materials]
ma_shrinkwrap[plastic laminate]
end
subgraph components[Components]
co_shrinkwrap[shrink wrap]
end
bm_ep -- layer 1 --> ma_shrinkwrap
bm_eva -- layer 2 --> ma_shrinkwrap
bm_copolyester -- layer 3 --> ma_shrinkwrap
bm_eva -- layer 4 --> ma_shrinkwrap
bm_ep -- layer 5 --> ma_shrinkwrap
ma_shrinkwrap --> co_shrinkwrapPackaging Tier¶
This example shows how the different complete packages are used in different ways to protect the produce. Within packaging there are different ‘tiers’ of packaging. In this worked example the wine bottle is primary, the box is secondard and the shrink wrap is transit.
flowchart LR
subgraph completePackages[Complete Packages]
cp_wineBottle[wine bottle]
cp_cardboardBox[wine box]
cp_shrinkwrap[shrink wrap]
end
subgraph loads[Loads]
lo_wineDelivery[wine delivery]
end
cp_cardboardBox -- Secondary --> lo_wineDelivery
cp_wineBottle -- Primary --> lo_wineDelivery
cp_shrinkwrap -- Transit --> lo_wineDeliveryThe whole data flow¶
This final example for the wine delivery shows how all these examples are combined to create a full flow for all of this data.
flowchart LR
subgraph baseMaterials[Base Materials]
bm_cardboard[cardboard]
bm_sand[sand]
bm_sodaAsh[soda ash]
bm_limestone[limestone]
bm_cullet[cullet]
bm_aluminium[aluminium]
bm_cork[cork]
bm_cellulose[cellulose]
bm_adhesive[adhesive]
bm_paper[paper]
bm_adhesive2[adhesive]
bm_glassine[glassine]
bm_ink[solvent free ink]
bm_varnish[solvent free varnish]
bm_ep[ethylene-propylene]
bm_eva[ethylene-vinyl acetate]
bm_copolyester[copolyester]
end
subgraph materials[Materials]
ma_cardboard[cardboard]
ma_glass[glass]
ma_cork[cork]
ma_aluminium[aluminium]
ma_tape[tape]
ma_label[label]
ma_coating[solvent free print substrate]
ma_label2[printed label]
ma_shrinkwrap[plastic laminate]
end
subgraph components[Components]
co_glassBottle[bottle]
co_corkCork[cork]
co_aluminiumCapsule[capsule]
co_cardboard[box]
co_tape[tape]
co_topLabel[branded front label]
co_bottomLabel[branded back label]
co_shrinkwrap[shrink wrap]
end
subgraph completePackages[Complete Packages]
cp_wineBottle[wine bottle]
cp_cardboardBox[wine box]
cp_shrinkwrap[shrink wrap]
end
subgraph loads[Loads]
lo_wineDelivery[wine delivery]
end
bm_cardboard --> ma_cardboard
bm_cullet --> ma_glass
bm_sand --> ma_glass
bm_limestone --> ma_glass
bm_sodaAsh --> ma_glass
bm_cork --> ma_cork
bm_aluminium --> ma_aluminium
bm_cellulose --> ma_tape
bm_adhesive2 --> ma_tape
bm_paper --> ma_label
bm_adhesive --> ma_label
bm_glassine --> ma_label
bm_ink --> ma_coating
bm_varnish --> ma_coating
bm_ep -- layer 1 --> ma_shrinkwrap
bm_eva -- layer 2 --> ma_shrinkwrap
bm_copolyester -- layer 3 --> ma_shrinkwrap
bm_eva -- layer 4 --> ma_shrinkwrap
bm_ep -- layer 5 --> ma_shrinkwrap
ma_label --> ma_label2
ma_coating --> ma_label2
ma_label2 --> co_topLabel
ma_label2 --> co_bottomLabel
ma_cardboard --> co_cardboard
ma_glass --> co_glassBottle
ma_aluminium --> co_aluminiumCapsule
ma_cork --> co_corkCork
ma_tape --> co_tape
ma_shrinkwrap --> co_shrinkwrap
co_glassBottle --> cp_wineBottle
co_corkCork --> cp_wineBottle
co_aluminiumCapsule --> cp_wineBottle
co_topLabel --> cp_wineBottle
co_bottomLabel --> cp_wineBottle
co_cardboard --> cp_cardboardBox
co_tape --> cp_cardboardBox
co_shrinkwrap --> cp_shrinkwrap
cp_cardboardBox -- Secondary --> lo_wineDelivery
cp_wineBottle -- Primary --> lo_wineDelivery
cp_shrinkwrap -- Transit --> lo_wineDeliveryMilk bottles example¶
This next, completely seperate example shows another situation using items multiple times through each schema. This time we are showing this reusing of schema throughout a supply chain can reduce the amount of data that needs to flow.
flowchart LR
subgraph baseMaterials[Base Materials]
bm_oil[oil]
bm_ink[solvent free ink]
bm_varnish[solvent free varnish]
end
subgraph materials[Materials]
ma_coating[solvent free print substrate]
ma_pp[pp]
ma_hdpe[hdpe]
ma_label[printed label]
end
subgraph components[Components]
co_lid[milk bottle lid]
co_label1pt[1 pint label]
co_label2pt[2 pint label]
co_label6pt[6 pint label]
co_bottle1pt[1 pint bottle]
co_bottle2pt[2 pint bottle]
co_bottle6pt[6 pint bottle]
end
subgraph completePackages[Complete Packages]
cp_bottle1pt[1 pint bottle]
cp_bottle2pt[2 pint bottle]
cp_bottle6pt[6 pint bottle]
end
bm_oil --> ma_pp
bm_oil --> ma_hdpe
bm_ink --> ma_coating
bm_varnish --> ma_coating
ma_pp --> ma_label
ma_coating --> ma_label
ma_hdpe --> co_lid
ma_hdpe --> co_bottle1pt
ma_hdpe --> co_bottle2pt
ma_hdpe --> co_bottle6pt
ma_label --> co_label1pt
ma_label --> co_label2pt
ma_label --> co_label6pt
co_lid --> cp_bottle2pt
co_lid --> cp_bottle6pt
co_lid --> cp_bottle1pt
co_bottle1pt --> cp_bottle1pt
co_bottle2pt --> cp_bottle2pt
co_bottle6pt --> cp_bottle6pt
co_label1pt --> cp_bottle1pt
co_label2pt --> cp_bottle2pt
co_label6pt --> cp_bottle6pt